First Assembly - Rajaji Chief Minister 1937 - Indian National Congress
Chakravarti Rajagopalchari
Born on 10 December 1878. He is a lawyer, writer and Politician. He is the last Governor-general of India and the First Indian born to achieve it.
His footprints
Leader of the Indian National Congress
Premier of Madras presidency
Governor of West Bengal
Minister of Home Affairs
Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (Madras State)
Founder of the Swatantra party
Bharat Ratna
Nickname Mango of Krishnagiri
Granted Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act 1939
Agricultural Debt Relief Act 1939
acquired the nickname 'Mango of Krishnagiri'
implementation of Gandhi's Nai Talim scheme into the education system.
Anti-Hindi protest
Implementation of Gandhi's Nai Talim scheme into the education system.
Rajagopalchari became the first premier of Madras state at his 5th age. During the Second World War Rajaji resigned from his position. He opposed the Quit India movement and had a hand in the conversation of partition of India.
Rajaji resigned in 1954. In the ensuing leadership struggle, Kamaraj defeated Rajaji's chosen successor C. Subramaniam and became the Chief Minister on 31 March 1954.
He resigned from Congress due to the difference of opinion with Kamaraj the leader of the Madras Provincial Congress. High pressure from the congress led to making Rajaji the head but they made Tanguturi Prakasam as chief ministerial candidate and he won. Rajaji served central government position as Minister for Industry, Supply, Education and Finance in the Interim Government headed by Jawaharlal Nehru
Rajaji was instrumental in initiating negotiations between Gandhi and Jinnah. In 1944, he proposed a solution to the Indian Constitutional tangle. In the same year, he proposed an "absolute majority" threshold of 55 per cent when deciding whether a district should become part of India or Pakistan, triggering a huge controversy among nationalists. From 1946 to 1947, Rajagopalachari served as the Minister for Industry, Supply, Education and Finance in the Interim Government headed by Jawaharlal Nehru.
Second Assembly - Tanguturi Prantulu Prakasam 1942 - Indian National Congress
Tanguturi Prantulu Prakasam
An Indian politician who becomes chief minister of Madras state and new Andhra state. His birth anniversary was celebrated as Andhra Kesari.
In 1946 he became the chief minister of the Madras presidency against Rajaji with the support of Kamaraj.
Prakasm was felt to handle corruption and lost his worth.
Due to his Khadi protest, he was arrested in February 1947
Three different Chief Minister from congrees ruled subsequently after 1946
Prakasam- 1946 (kamraj made him resign)
Omandur Ramasamy Reddiar – 1947 (kamraj removed him on a vote of no confidence on 31 March 1949)
P S kumarasamy Raja upto 1952 (lost in next election)
1952 Legislative Assembly-Rajaji
The first election of legislative assemble after the republic
No single party obtained a simple majority to form an independent Government. Congress had won the election and C Rajagoplachari was the first chief minister of Tamil Nadu.
Rajaji Tarimala Nagi Reddy
TM Nagireddy Was the Opposition leader of the Communist Party.
Tarimala Nagi Reddy
He was born On 11 February 191.7 and 1946. He donated 1000 acres of land to farmers against his father. He was elected to Rajyasaba in 1957. He broke with the communist party and formed the Andhra Pradesh Coordination Committee of Communists in 1968 Later It was a part of the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries AICCCR and was expelled. Factionalism in Congress
Three different Chief Minister from Congress-ruled subsequently after 1946
Prakasam- 1946 (kamraj made him resign)
Omandur Ramasamy Reddiar – 1947 (kamraj removed him on a vote of no confidence 31 March 1949)
P S kumarasamy Raja upto 1952 (lost in next election).
Pattabhi Sittaramaya faction on central in 1951bout congress & Com
emerged as the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party in June 1951.
Factionalism: Refers to arguments or disputes between two or more small groups from within a larger group. There has been a substantial amount of factionalism within the movement.
Communist In Tamil Nadu
Communists in the electoral process In Tamil Nadu:
Communists initially didn’t have an interest in Political Administration but later they emerged has a party in Andhra and Tanjore Supported Dravida Kazhagam. The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, then Cawnpore. But as per the version of CPI(M), the Communist Party of India was founded in Tashkent, Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 17 October 1920, soon after the Second Congress of the Communist International.
CPI Communist Party
In 1952, CPI became the first leading opposition party in the Lok Sabha, while the Indian National Congress was in power. (Note - At this time, there was no CPI(M) and both were united)
The Communist movement or CPI in particular emerged as a front-runner after Guru Radha Kishan undertook a fast unto death for 24 days to promote the cause of
Ideological differences led to the split in the party in 1964 when two different party conferences were held, one of CPI and one of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). There is a common misconception that the rift during the Sino-Indian War, when the Communist Party Of India proudly supported China in the war led to the 1962 split.[citation needed] In fact, the split was leftists vs. rightists, rather than internationalists vs. nationalists.[citation needed] The presence of nationalists in CPI, and internationalists P. Sundarayya, Jyoti Basu, and Harkishan Singh Surjeet in the Communist Party of India (Marxist) proves this fact.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated CPI(M)) is a far-left political party in India. It is one of the national parties of India.[6] The party emerged from a split from the Communist Party of India in 1964. The CPI(M) was formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta from 31 October to 7 November 1964. As of 2018, CPI(M) is leading the state government in Kerala and has representation in the following Legislative assemblies in the states of Kerala, West Bengal, Tripura, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Odisha and Maharashtra. As of 2018, CPI(M) claimed to have 10,00,520 members. The highest body of the party is the Politburo. The CPIM, which was previously connoted as a national party due to its nationwide presence- incurred disastrous losses in the general elections of 2014 and 2019. In the 2019 general elections, not only was the CPIM reduced to single digits but it lost prominence and power in India's political map, with Kerala being an exception.
In 1951, the Communist Party of India (CPI) which had been waging an armed struggle during 1948-51, gave up the attempt to wrest power through force and joined the political mainstream. At the 1951 congress of the party, "People's Democracy" was replaced by "National Democracy" as the main slogan of the party and the decision was made to contest the elections. One of the armed movements supported by the CPI was the Telangana Rebellion in the princely state of Hyderabad. Though the rebellion was crushed by 1951, the communists retained widespread support in the neighbouring Andhra region. This was due to their policy of linguistic nationalism (the demand for a separate state of Telugu-speaking people) and their support base amongst the Kamma caste which was opposed to the Reddy-supported Congress. Till then, all the previous elections had been conducted on a limited franchise based on property ownership qualifications.
The election of 1951 was the first one to be based on a universal franchise. The Communists had the support of most of the first-time voters - landless peasants and agricultural labourers. They also had a strong presence in the agrarian district of Tanjore in Tamil Nadu where they were supported by the Dravidar Kazhagam.
In the Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, in 1952, the Communist Party was banned, so it couldn't take part in the election process. In the general elections in 1957, the CPI emerged as the largest opposition party. In 1957, the CPI won the state elections in Kerala. This was the first time that an opposition party won control over an Indian state. E. M. S. Namboodiripad became Chief Minister. At the 1957 international meeting of Communist parties in Moscow, the Communist Party of China directed criticism at the CPI for having formed a ministry in Kerala.